Index name

Comprehensive Pollution Index

Scientist who Developed Index: Name, Institute; Year; First Reference;

Jiang HH, Zhu JP, Liang DH, Wu Z L. The relationship between comprehensive pollution index assessment and water quality type distinguishing. Environmental Monitoring in China 1999; 15: 46-8 (in Chinese).

Abstract (Summary):

Keywords: Water quality, CPI (Comprehensive Pollution Index)

Introduction

Comprehensive Pollution Index

Uses and Limitation:

A Comprehensive Pollution Index method has been applied to evaluate water quality qualitatively.

Categorization Table

CPI (Comprehensive Pollution Index ) ranges from 0 to 2 which classifies water quality as follows: Table 1. Rating scale for CPI.

Standards Required

Any regional water quality standards for drinking purpose could be used for this model.

Variables Selection

The water quality parameters, for those any national and international standard is assigned could be used in this method.

Calculation of Comprehensive Pollution Index:

It is evaluated by the following equation as follows:

\(\) \begin{eqnarray*} CI =\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \ \frac{C_{i}}{S_{i}} \end{eqnarray*}

Where, Ci is the measured concentration of the i^thparameter. Si is the water quality standard of the i^th parameter and n is the number of parameters considered.

Case Studies based on Comprehensive Pollution Index

The evaluation and interpretation of complex water quality data and the sources of pollution in Baiyangdian Lake (China) was performed with the use of multivariate statistical analysis (PCA and CA) and CPI. The 21 physicochemical parameters focused on in the study were analyzed in water samples collected monthly over a two-year period from 13 different sites located in and around the lake. PCA was used to identify a reduced number of five principle components, demonstrating up to 92% of both temporal and spatial changes. CA classified similar water quality stations into 5 clusters based on the PCA scores. The results showed that cluster 5 (site 2) was characterized as the most heavily polluted site, a result that can be attributed to the pollution from the nearby Fuhe River (a upstream river that receiving almost all of the domestic sewage and some industrial wastewater from Baoding City). Cluster 1 (sites 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and cluster 4 (site 1) were identified as moderately polluted in association with the both domestic and agricultural sewage, as well as fishery-related pollution in the lake. Cluster 2 (sites 11, 12 and 13) and cluster 3 (sites 8, 9 and 10) were less polluted, which suggests that the water quality was better in the eastern and central portions of the lake.

References

Y. Zhao, X.H. Xia, Z.F. Yang, F. Wang, Assessment of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake using multivariate statistical techniques, Procedia Environ. Sci. 13 (2012) 1213–1226.

Jiang HH, Zhu JP, Liang DH, Wu Z L. The relationship between comprehensive pollution index assessment and water quality type distingquishing.Environmental Monitoring in China 1999; 15: 46-8 (in Chinese).

Liu XY, Wan RR, Zhou BG. Analysis on the water quality changes in Guajinggang River. Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy 2010; 16: 173-5 (in Chinese).

Zhang T, Liu JL, Wang XM. Causal analysis of the spatial-temporal variation of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake. Acta Science Circumstantiae 2010; 30: 217-61 (in Chinese).